Strategi Peningkatan Efisiensi Biaya pada Bank Umum Syariah Berbasis Stochastic Frontier Approach dan Data Envelopment Analysis
Abstract
Entering the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, the Islamic banking in Indonesia is expected to have better performance to compete sustainably with local banks and foreign. The performance of the banks using the cost efficiency approach with a focus on two inputs (cost of fund and cost of labor) and the two outputs (total financing and owned securities). Using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on Islamic Banks during the period of January 2010 to December 2013, the result shows that the level of efficiency of the Islamic banks in Indonesia is not optimal. Our calculation shows different result for both method (SFA and DEA), where the highest efficiency levels using SFA method
is Bank Mega Syariah, while with the DEA method is Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Leaving some option of strategies to improve their cost efficiency; this includes increasing their assets, increasing deposits, and cut cost the unnecessarily cost. More strategy includes product innovation, reducing the salary of the board of directors, and put the funds in profitable portfolio. For the authorities, this paper has demonstrated the use of frontier approach as good alternative in assessing the performance of the banks.
Downloads
References
Ana, L. 2012. Efisiensi Bank-Bank Merger dan Akuisisi di Indonesia [Tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[BI] Bank Indonesia. 2013. Statistik Perbankan Syariah. [diunduh 2013 Oktober 15]. Tersedia pada http//:www.bi.go.id.
[BI] Bank Indonesia. 2014. Outlook Perbankan Syariah 2014. [diunduh 2013 Oktober 15]. Tersedia pada http//:www.bi.go.id.
Berger, AN. dan Humphrey, DB. 1992. Measurement and Efficiency Issues in Commercial Banking. University of Chicago Press.
Bisnis. 2014. Bank Mega Syariah Raup Laba Rp209 Miliar. [diunduh 2015 Januari 2]. Tersedia pada: http://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20140203/90/200831/bank-mega-syariah-raup-labarp209-miliar.
Farrell, MJ. 1957. The Measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol.120, No.3 (253).
Firdaus, MF. 2013. Efisiensi Bank Umum Syariah Menggunakan Pendekatan Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan, Vol. 16 No.2, (150).
Hadad, MD. Santoso, W. Mardanugraha, E. dan Illyas, D. 2003. Analisis Efisiensi Industri Perbankan Indonesia: Penggunaan Metode Nonparametrik Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Jurnal Bank Indonesia.
Hadad, MD. Santoso, W. Mardanugraha, E. dan Illyas, D. 2003. Pendekatan Parametrik untuk Efisiensi Bank Syariah. Jurnal Bank Indonesia.
Hartono, E. Analisis Efisiensi Biaya Industri Perbankan Indonesia Dengan Menggunakan Metode Parametrik Stochastic Frontier Analysis (Studi Pada Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2004-2007) [Tesis]. Semarang (ID): Universitas Diponegoro.
Idroes, FN. dan Sugiarto. 2006. Manajemen Risiko Perbankan Dalam Konteks Kesepakatan Basel dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia. Yogyakarta (ID): Graha Ilmu.
Infobank News. 2013. BSM Ingin Dikenal Sebagai Bank Haji. [diunduh 2015 Januari 2]. Tersedia pada: http://www.infobanknews.com/2013/12/bsm-ingin-dikenal-sebagai-bank-haji/.
Istianawati, H. 2014. Potensi Investasi dan Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Return Saham pada Sektor Pertambangan Kelompok Saham Pro Lingkungan Syariah [Tesis]. Bogor (ID):Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Kontan. 2014. 3 Faktor Penyebab Laba BRI Syariah Merosot 97%. [diunduh 2015 Januari 2]. Tersedia pada: http://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/3-faktor-penyebab-laba-bri-syariahmerosot-97.
Kusmargiani, IS. 2006. Analisis Efisiensi Operasional dan Efisiensi Profitabilitas Pada Bank yang Merger dan Akuisisi di Indonesia (Studi Pada Bank Setelah Rekapitalisasi dan Restrukturisasi Tahun 1999-2002) [Tesis]. Semarang (ID): Universitas Diponegoro.
Leibenstein, H. 1966. Allocative Efficiency vs. “X-Efficiency”. The American Economic Review, Vol. 56, Issues 3.
Mester, LJ. 2003. Applying Efficiency Measurement Techniques to Central Banks.” Working Paper No.03-13. Finance Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
Metrotv News. 2014. Gadai Emas BSM Naik 557%. [diunduh 2015 Januari 2]. Tersedia pada: http://ekonomi.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/09/07/288373/gadai-emas-bsm-naik-557.
Mokhtar, HAS. Abdullah, N. dan Al-Habshi, SM. 2006. Efficiency of Islamic Banking in Malaysia, A Stochastic Frontier Approach. Journal of Economic Cooperation (27).
Muhari, S. dan Hosen, MN. 2013. Efficiency of the Sharia Rural Bank in Indonesia Lead to Modified CAMEL. Journal of Academic Research in economics and Management Sciences,
Vol.2, No. 5.
Muhari, S. dan Hosen, MN. 2013. Analisis Tingkat Efisiensi BPRS di Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dan Hubungannya dengan CAMEL. Palembang (ID): Konferensi Riset Manajemen VII.
Putri, VR. dan Lukviarman, N. 2008. Pengukuran Kinerja Bank Komersial Dengan Pendekatan Efisiensi, Studi Terhadap Perbankan Go-Public di Indonesia. Journal JAAI, Volume 12 (1).
Republika Online. 2015. Laba Bersih untuk Cadangan, Muamalat tak Bagikan Deviden. [diunduh 2015 Januari 2]. Tersedia pada: http://www.republika.co.id/berita/ekonomi/syariahekonomi/
14/07/10/n8hpy2-laba-bersih-untuk-cadangan-muamalat-tak-bagikan-dividen.
Suseno, P. 2008. Analisis Efisiensi dan Skala Ekonomi Pada Industri Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Journal of Islamic and Economics, Volume 2 (1).
Sutawijaya, A. Lestari. dan Etty, P. 2009. Efisiensi Teknik Perbankan Indonesia Pasca Krisis Ekonomi: Sebuah Studi Empiris Penerapan Model DEA. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, Volume 10 (1).Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah.
Yaumidin, UK. 2007. Efficiency in Islamic Banking: A Non-Parametric Approach. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan, Volume 9 (4).
Yudistira, D. 2004. Efficiency in Islamic Banking: An Emprical Analysis of Eighteen Banks. Islamic Economic Studies, Vol. 12 (1).
Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan / Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
