PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PERBANKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT: STUDI BAGI PENGEMBANGAN PERBANKAN INDONESIA
Abstract
Dewasa ini lembaga keuangan di Amerika Serikat menghadapi isu strategis berupa pembentukan-kembali (reshaping) industri jasa keuangan. Perkembangan teknologi mempengaruhi produksi dan distribusi jasa keuangan, globalisasi mendorong pasar meningkatkan transaksi tanpa batas negara (cross-border), reformasi sistem peraturan mengesampingkan batasan ekspansi geografis dan kombinasi antar bisnis menciptakan peluang baru, termasuk risiko baru, bagi lembaga keuangan. Pada saat yang sama lembagalembaga keuangan memunculkan strategi korporasi baru yang masing-masing memilih fokus strategi bisnis yang akan ditekuni. Terdapat dua strategi utama yang mengemuka di antara pelaku lembaga keuangan dewasa ini, pertama spesialisasi, yaitu lembaga keuangan hanya akan fokus pada satu paket jasa yang menjadi produk utama (andalan) untuk target pasar utamanya; kedua, lembaga keuangan besar biasanya secara aktif mengembangkan strategi diversifikasi dengan cara menawarkan serangkaian jasa dan produk untuk target pasar yang lebih luas.
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