THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE TAX POLICY ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN COUNTRIES
Abstract
The phenomenon of Corporate Tax Rate (CTR) reduction to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been an interesting subject given the lack of consensus from empirical studies. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between CTR and FDI, and examine factors that influence FDI inflows. Using data for 28 Asian countries from 1999 to 2014, we find that CTR has a significant negative effect on FDI inflows. FDI inflows increase by 4.38% due to a 1% CTR reduction. We also find that other economic factors, such as economic openness, market size, and exchange rates play an important role in attracting FDI inflows.
Downloads
References
Abdioglu, N., Binis, M., & Arslan, M. (2016). The Effect of Corporate Tax Rate on Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Study for OECD Countries. Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 16, 599–610.
Afin, R., Yulistiono, H., & Oktarani, N. A. (2008). Perdagangan Internasional, Investasi Asing, dan Efisiensi Perkonomian Negaranegara ASEAN. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 287.
Ali, F. A., Fiess, N., & MacDonald, R. (2010). Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment? Open Economies Review, 21, 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-010-9170-4
Ang, J. B. (2008). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30, 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.06.014
Asiedu, E. (2002). On the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different? World Development, 30, 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00100-0
Azam, M. (2015). Comparative Study of the Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis Indonesia (Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Gadjah Mada), 26, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.6275
Bevan, A. A., & Estrin, S. (2004). The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment into European Transition Economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32, 775–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2004.08.006
Blechová, B. (2016). Effect of Different Corporate Income Tax Rates on Foreign Direct Investments within the European Union Single Market. International Advances in Economic Research, 22, 239–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-016-9571-2
Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2005). Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press.
Castro, P. G. de, Fernandes, E. A., & Campos, A. C. (2013). The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil and Mexico: An Empirical Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5, 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00029-4
Chan, M. W. L., Hou, K., Li, X., & Mountain, D. C. (2014). Foreign Direct Investment and its Determinants: A Regional Panel Causality Analysis. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 54, 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2013.07.004
Coelho, Â., Tavares-Lehmann, A., & Lehmann, F. (2010). The Influence of the Tax Burden in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment. http://pascal.iseg.utl.pt/~advance/iibc/programme_files/p3_coelho_tavares-lehmann_lehmann.pdf
Devereux, M. P., & Griffith, R. (2002). The Impact of Corporate Taxation on the Location of Capital: A Review. Swedish Economic Analysis and Policy, 9, 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(03)50021-2
Djankov, S., Ganser, T., McLiesh, C., Ramalho, R., & Shleifer, A. (2010). The Effect of Corporate Taxes on Investment and Entrepreneurship. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2, 31–64. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.3.31
Dunning, J. H. (2000). The Eclectic Paradigm as an Envelope for Economic and Business Theories of MNE Activity. International Business Review, 9, 163–190.
Eden, L., & Dai, L. (2010). Rethinking the O in Dunning’s OLI/Eclectic Paradigm. Multinational Business Review, 18, 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X201000008
Gould, D. M., Tan, C., & Emamgholi, A. S. S. (2014). Attracting Foreign Direct Investment: What Can South Asia’s Lack of Success Teach Other Developing Countries? South Asia Economic Journal, 15, 133–174.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1391561414548939
Hajkova, D., Nicoletti, G., Vartia, L., & Yoo, K.-Y. (2007). Taxation and Business Environment as Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment in OECD Countries. OECD Economic Studies, 2006, 7–38. https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art8-en
Hunady, J., & Orviska, M. (2014). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in EU Countries – Do Corporate Taxes Really Matter? Procedia Economics and Finance, 12, 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00341-4
Huyen, L. H. B. (2015). Determinant of the Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Flow to Thanh Hoa Province in Vietnam. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.331
Jafarnejad, A., Golnam, A., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2009). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Iran: An Empirical Study Using Structural Equation Modelling. Middle East FORUM, 1, 71–85.
Juárez Rivera, C. G., & Castro, G. Á. (2013). Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico Determinants and its Effect on Income Inequality. Contaduría y Administración, 58, 201–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0186-1042(13)71239-7
Leszczensky, L., Wolbring, T., Mannheim, M., Brüderl, J., Kneip, T., Krug, G., Ludwig, V., Mayerl, J., Ochsenfeld, F., & Samuel, R. (2018). How to Deal With Reverse Causality Using Panel Data? Recommendations for Researchers Based on a Simulation Study*. Forthcoming in Sociological Methods & Research. Analytical Sociology.
Lokesha, B. K., & Leelavathy, D. S. (2012). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment : A Macro Perspective Published by : Shri Ram Centre for Industrial Relations and Human Resources Stable URL : http://www.jstor.com/stable/23267337 Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment : A Macro, 47, 459–469.
Mahbub, T., & Jongwanich, J. (2019). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Power Sector: A Case Study of Bangladesh. Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.03.001
Mandinga, C. A. V. C. (2015). The Effect of corporate Income Tax Rates on Foreign Direct Investment in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). July.
Mooij, R. A. de, & Ederveen, S. (2005). Explaining the Variation in Empirical Estimates of Tax Elasticities of Foreign Direct Investment. In Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.869753
Moosa, I. A., & Cardak, B. A. (2006). The Determinants of foreign Direct Investment: An Extreme Bounds Analysis. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 16, 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2005.07.002
Mudenda, L. D. (2015). Corporate Income Tax Rate and Foreign Direct Investment. In UMEA Universitet.
OECD. (2007). OECD Tax Policy Studies: Tax Effects on Foreign Direct Investment – No. 17. In OECD Tax Policy Studies. OECD iLibrary. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/19900538
OECD. (2008). Policy Brief: Tax Effects on Foreign Direct Investment. February, 1–4. https://www.oecd.org/investment/investment-policy/40152903.pdf
Overesch, M., & Rincke, J. (2011). What Drives Corporate Tax Rates Down? A Reassessment of Globalization, Tax Competition, and Dynamic Adjustment to Shocks. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 113, 579–602.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2011.01650.x
Root, F. R., & Ahmed, A. A. (1978). The Influence Of Policy Instruments on Manufacturing Direct Foreign Investment in Developing Countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 9, 81–94.
https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490670
Sato, T. (2012). Empirical Analysis of Corporate Tax and Foreign Direct Investment. Public Policy Review, 8.
Sujarwati, A. I., & Qibthiyyah, R. M. (2020). Corporate Income Tax Rate and Foreign Direct Investment: A Cross-country Empirical Study. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 66, 25. https://doi.org/10.47291/efi.v66i1.679
Tax Foundation. (2021). Download Data: 1980-2020 Rates. Taxfoundation.Org.
The Heritage Foundation. (2021). 2021 Index of Economic Freedom: Explore the Data. The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/index/explore
Tintin, C. (2013). The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in the Central and Eastern European Countries: The Importance of Institutions. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46, 287–298.
UNCTAD. (1999). Foreign Direct Investment and Development. In UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Issue UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/10 (vol. 1)).
UNCTADSTAT. (2021). Foreign Direct Investment: Inward and Outward Flows and Stock, Annual. UNCTAD. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=96740
Wijeweera, A., & Siriwardana, M. (2005). The Impact of Corporate Income Tax Rate on Foreign Direct Investment in Australia and Implications for Technology Transfer. International Journal of Technology and Globalisation, 1, 451–461.
World Bank. (2021a). DataBank: World Development Indicators. Worldbank.Org.
https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
World Bank. (2021b). DataBank: Worldwide Governance Indicators. https://databank.
worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators
Copyright (c) 2023 Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan / Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.